HomeSymptoms
of CKD
Chronic kidney disease often develops silently in its early stages. The kidneys compensate for the gradual loss of function, delaying the appearance of symptoms. As a result, the disease may remain asymptomatic for a long time and only be detected at an advanced stage, when kidney function is already significantly impaired.22
Physical signs20,22
As the kidneys’ filtering capacity decreases, toxins and fluids accumulate in the body, which can lead to:
- Severe and unexplained fatigue : caused by the build-up of waste products in the blood and possible anaemia linked to reduced production of erythropoietin (a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production).
- Oedema : swelling in the ankles, feet or face caused by water and salt retention due to impaired kidney function.
- Reduced urine output : although some patients may continue to urinate normally, the kidneys’ ability to eliminate toxins is reduced.
- Shortness of breath: : due to anaemia or fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary oedema).
- Muscle pain and cramps : linked to electrolyte imbalances, particularly involving potassium and calcium, which play an important role in muscle contraction.
Digestive and metabolic disorders21,22
The accumulation of toxins in the blood (uraemia) can cause digestive and metabolic disturbances:
- Loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting: : a direct consequence of uraemia affecting the digestive system.
- A metallic taste in the mouth : caused by the accumulation of certain substances, such as urea, which can alter taste perception.
- Persistent itching : linked to the build-up of toxins beneath the skin, particularly excess phosphate.
Effects on blood pressure and circulation3,23
The kidneys play a key role in regulating blood pressure and producing red blood cells. When kidney function declines, this may lead to:
- High blood pressure: : elevated blood pressure can further damage the kidneys, creating a vicious cycle.
- Anemia and a constant feeling of cold: : reduced erythropoietin production lowers the number of red blood cells, decreasing oxygen delivery to tissues and causing chronic fatigue as well as increased sensitivity to cold.
These symptoms should be reported promptly to your GP or healthcare professional in order to receive the appropriate diagnosis and help prevent further progression of the disease.